Civil Basic Knowledge

How to calculate the Irregular Shape Area  Area of Two Irregular Shape. With Examples

Design and Construction of Water Retaining Structures The concrete structures that retaining water inside or outside is considered as water retaining structures. Water tightness is the most important parameter to be preserved in designing and construction sequences among all other requirements. The structure is considered as failure if the water passes from one side of the structure to the other side. Water sump, water tanks, swimming pools and manholes are some of the examples for the water retaining structures in practice. DESIGN OF WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES The design of water retaining structures is carried out in accordance with BS 8007. Crack width is the limiting criteria in this design. Generally, the concrete structures are designed to the maximum crack width of 0.3mm. But in case of the water retaining structures, the water tends to pass through the cracks developed on the surface which must be eliminated through the design.  However, the concre...

Types of slump There are three types of slump that may occur in a slumps test, namely, true slump, shear slump and collapse slump.

Construction The promotion of civil engineering works  may be initiated by a private client,  but most work is undertaken for large  corporations, government authorities,  and public boards and authorities.  Many of these have their own engineering  staffs, but for large specialized projects  it is usual to employ consulting engineers. The consulting engineer may be required first to undertake feasibility studies, then to recommend a scheme and quote an approximate cost. The engineer is responsible for the design of the works, supplying specifications, drawings, and legal documents in sufficient detail to seek competitive tender prices. The engineer must compare quotations and recommend acceptance of one of them. Although he is not a party to the contract, the engineer’s duties are defined in it; the staff must supervise the construction and the engineer must certify completion of the work. Actions must be consistent with duty to the clien...

Field Density Test Subgrade and Ngc Subbase And also More Layers The Sand Cone method is used for field density test in our highway construction. In the field, the dry density test is carried out for check the compaction of layers. Compaction is most useful for the preparation of sub base grade and other pavement layers and in construction of embankment in order to increase the stability and to decrease settlement. In field compaction, the compacting moisture content is first controlled at optimum moisture content and the adequacy of rolling or compaction is controlled by checking the dry density achieved and comparing with the maximum dry density. Testing procedure The weight of empty sand cone is measured and then filled with dry sand and weighted. The soil excavated from the hole is collected and weighted. After weighting, a specimen of soil is taken to determine it water content. The sand cone is placed on the test hole with the help of the base pl...

The  Civil  Engineering Body of  Knowledge  is a body of  knowledge. Civil Engineer  does many activities at construction site and there are certain works which are repetitive in nature. So some points tips and tricks.